What if Philip II of Macedon wasn't assassinated by his bodyguard/lover on the eve of the invasion of Persia? I think it was highly likely he would succeed conquering Persia. The Macedonian army was built by Philip and a man as intelligent and experienced as Philip would hardly fail in this campaign. Alexander himself would still serve his father as a frontline commander rather than the soverign.
In my view Alexander was a colossal failure in many ways. He's problem was his youth. He was too young to just stop with the conquest of Persia. Instead of consolidating his empire he kept expanding until his death, which resulted in a very short lived Macedonian empire. It's possible Alexander had to keep campaigning because he lacked the political strength to command his empire as anything other than a military leader.
OTOH Philip was in his late forties when he was killed. Conquering Persia was his lifelong dream. There is no reason to suppose he would continue campaigning after Persia. A lasting empire could be the result. Such a Greco-Persian empire could stretch from Italy to India and last centuries. The vary concept of a divided East-West world would fade into obscurity.
In my view Alexander was a colossal failure in many ways. He's problem was his youth. He was too young to just stop with the conquest of Persia. Instead of consolidating his empire he kept expanding until his death, which resulted in a very short lived Macedonian empire. It's possible Alexander had to keep campaigning because he lacked the political strength to command his empire as anything other than a military leader.
OTOH Philip was in his late forties when he was killed. Conquering Persia was his lifelong dream. There is no reason to suppose he would continue campaigning after Persia. A lasting empire could be the result. Such a Greco-Persian empire could stretch from Italy to India and last centuries. The vary concept of a divided East-West world would fade into obscurity.