Casimir III the Great, the brave king

• Dec 27, 2013

• #1

kasumigenx

Casimir III the Great, the brave king


Kapitel I
Aldona married Casimir III of Poland, when he was 15 or 16 years old. The bride was probably of about the same age. The marriage took place on 30 April or 16 October 1325 and was a purely political maneuver to strengthen the first Polish–Lithuanian coalition against the Teutonic Knights. Casimir was seeking allies in the dispute over Pomerania with the Order. Gediminas had just undertaken an unsuccessful attempt to christianize Lithuania. The details of the agreement are not known; however, it is known that Gediminas released all Polish captives, numbered at around 25,000, who returned to Poland.

The importance of the marriage was attested by the fact that Wladysław abandoned his earlier plans to marry his son to Jutta of Bohemia/Bonne Judith who in the end married John II of France.

The alliance was put into effect when joint Polish-Lithuanian forces organized an attack against the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1326, However, the coalition was not strong and collapsed c. 1330.

Casimir III became the King of Poland on 1333, after his father's death

After Aldona gave birth of Kunigunde on 1334, he started to regret the marriage he had with Aldona, .

One day, on 1334 Casimir III asked himself, was his marriage with Aldona is a mistake and he asked himeself since he realized that Bonne of Bohemia has many children with her husband and he should have married her instead of Aldona of Lithuania, the couple talked about the concerns of Casimir III, Aldona told Casimir that the marriage is not mistake and they should make the marriage work and they became more closer and closer.

In 1335, in the Treaty of Trentschin, Casimir relinquished "in perpetuity" his claims to Silesia, however that is just a ploy to play the minds of the Kings of Bohemia, he knows the Kings of Bohemia still want the Polish throne.

On 1335, Aldona of Lithuania showed signs of pregnancy, she gave birth to two healthy boys named Boleslaw and Wladyslaw, and the last child of Aldona of Lithuania would be Sophia of Lithuania on 1340, however after a year, Aldona of Lithuania would die on 1342 but Casimir III had good memories of her.


Children of Casimir III with Aldona


Elisabeth of Poland, Duchess of Bavaria b. 1326


Kunigunde of Poland, Duchess of Opole b. 1334


Boleslaw of Poland b.1335


Wladyslaw of Poland b.1335


Sophia of Poland, Duchess of Pomerania b.1340


Aldona died peacefully, she died due to the plague ravishing in the countrysides of Poland but all her children survived to adulthood and Casimir III decided to devote more of his time in Poland to his kids.

The only surviving portrait of Elisabeth of Poland, Duchess of Bavaria and Brandenburg

Portrait of Prince Boleslaw of Poland, 1360


Casimir III joyfully entered a war against the Luxembourgs of Bohemia on 1342 with the Duke Opole and the Duke of Swidnica, knowing that he has children who would inherit his own Kingdom and succeed him, although the war was lost the Duke of Swidnica and Opole became loyal vassals of Casimir III causing the later wars with Bohemia to be more successful.

note:
This TL is a Alternate Biography of Casimir III, I will expand this TL later on after my current one.
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Last edited: Dec 31, 2013

• Dec 27, 2013

• #2

kasumigenx

Kapitel II​

After the death of Aldona, he would remarry to Adelaide of Hesse although the marriage was loveless, although they had children of their own as well.​

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Children of Casimir III with Adelaide of Hesse​

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Anna of Poland, Queen of England b.1342​

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Margaret of Poland, Duchess of Austria b. 1349​

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In the later days on 1343, he decided to enter an alliance with Bavaria against Bohemia and betroth his daughter Elisabeth to Louis of Bavaria while Kunigunde would marry with Wladyslaw the son of the Duke of Opole due to him being very loyal to Poland against Bohemia and aside from that he planned a marriage between Sophia, his young daughter to Boguslaw of Pomerania to weaken the Teutonic Order and an alliance with Austria which he believes is tentative for him.​

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Both Elisabeth and Kunigunde have been given to their betrothed future husbands families causing Casimir III to focus on his new wife and their children, now that the two marriages have already occurred by 1345 the exchange of the marriage with Elisabeth is that Lubuszland or Neumark should be returned to Poland which happened after the wedding between Elisabeth and Louis had been done. ​

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Casimir III is planning marriage alliances for his daughters, Sophia and Anna, he decided that he will not change anything about the marriage plans with Sophia of Poland, he wanted her to marry the Duke of Pomerania which is many years older than her to seal the alliance against the teutonic order.​

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On 1349, the marriage of Elisabeth to Louis of Bavaria have been consummated and Elisabeth of Poland has given birth to two daughters, one is her own namesake, Elisabeth and another the namesake of her sister, Kunigunde, while the wedding of Kunigunde to Wladyslaw happened happened.​

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And also at this time, Adelaide of Hesse also gave birth to a daughter named Margaret, the two daughters of Adelaide of Hesse were married off to other countries, countries that had no connection to Poland aside from that Adelaide of Hesse was not able to convince her husband to change her mind about her children to be favoured by Casimir III himself but he said other wise, he said that he loves his children equally, however things never changed between him nor between his children from Adelaide, Casimir III found out that the English were starting to be powerful in France due to the battle of Crecy, so he decided to have his daughter Anna to be betrothed to Edward the Black Prince, this meant the start of the alliance between Poland and England against France and Bohemia, however, Adelaide of Hesse told Casimir to delay sending Anna to England until 1355, when she is nearly mature enough to consumate the marriage.

A Portrait of Anna of Poland​

A Portrait of Edward the Black Prince​

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• Dec 28, 2013

• #3

kasumigenx

[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Kapitel III[/FONT]​

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[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Within days of Boleslaw Yuri of Galicia's murder, Casimir III of Poland invaded the principality to save Polish merchants and Catholic residents from attacks in Lviv. In June 1340, Casimir returned with a larger army. After four weeks he reached an agreement with local nobles and their leader Dmytro Dedko: in return for their services, local nobles would enjoy protection from the Polish king. However, the agreement was short-lived. The data is sparse, but it seems that Galicia–Volhynia was divided between the Lithuanians (Liubartas ruled in Volhynia and its chief city Volodymyr-Volynskyi) and local nobles (Detko ruled Galicia). During the winter 1340–1341, the Golden Horde (probably with Lithuanian help) attacked Poland and reached Lublin as a result of diminished tribute from the principality to the Mongol khan. The raid weakened Polish influence in the principality. Eufemija, Boleslaw's widow, was drowned in the Vistula in winter 1342 to keep her out of the succession disputes. Detko, who managed to play Poles, Lithuanians, and Mongols against each other, disappeared from written sources in 1344. The same year direct conflict between Poland and Lithuania renewed, but soon a peace treaty was signed: Volhynia was assigned to Liubartas and Galicia to Casimir.[/FONT]​

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[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]On 1355, on the same year as Anna is sent out to England, a search for the bride of Boleslaw of Poland was made, Casimir III decided that two marriages should be made and one of it is from Silesia, and another is from Silesia and another marriage is from Austria, Casimir III hand picked Jadwiga of Zagan for Boleslaw while Wladyslaw would marry Catherine of Austria to secure an alliance with Austria, Austria demanded that another marriage should be made with Austria so a betrothal between Margaret of Poland and Sophia of Poland was made.[/FONT]​

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[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Marrying Anna of Swidnica to Boleslaw was easy, however the marriage match between Catherine of Austria and Wladyslaw was very impossible to make because the Austrians demanded that Margaret of Poland should be sent to Austria so that she can live with her future husband.[/FONT]​

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[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]On 1357, the Austrian demands were met and the young Margaret of Poland and Catherine of Austria were swapped in the Congress of Krakow which is attended by the Kings of Poland, Hungary and the Duke of Austria which is the last time that Margaret of Poland would meet her parents as a child and be raised by the Habsburg and marry Leopold of Austria and Catherine of Austria went to Poland to marry her future husband, Wladyslaw of Poland, which also means it would be the last time she would meet her parents unmarried.[/FONT]​

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[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]However, the two marriages would mean that Poland would remain allied with Austria for many hundreds of years as a consequence of the double marriage.[/FONT]​

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[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Adelaide of Hesse and Casimir III became cold at the point after the congress of Krakow and Adelaide even entered the monastery to avoid Casimir III completely.[/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Casimir III at his prime
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• Dec 31, 2013

• #4

kasumigenx

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Kapitel IV

Casimir III decided to focus his time on Poland and regaining the territories, since Bolko of Swidnica looks childless, Anna of Swidnica's claims could be used to claim Bolko's lands once he is dead.


On 1360 now it looked like that Charles IV is now childless with his second wife Anna of Bavaria after their son died and John Henry of Bohemia had died after losing a war with the Habsburgs that Casimir III just watched and looked at what will happen on Bohemia, and who would claim it, would the Mazovian Boleslaw III of Plock try to claim Bohemia or the French Valois, Bavarian Wittelsbachs or the wretched Habsburgs or their ally the Anjous because two of the claimants have a dynastic rights to Poland.

However, Casimir III wants to act as quickly as possible because the other claimants also have some claims to the Polish throne, he decided that he should annex Silesia, however, he should help his relative, Louis of Hungary fix his own problems in Hungary and his problems with Joanna of Naples, the Dukes of Opole and Swidnica joined in the expedition against Queen Joanna of Naples, however, Casimir III told his vassals that he will support them in their struggle against their rivals, Casimir III only recognized the elder dukes of Opole, and Cieszyn as the rightful dukes of Opole-Raciborz and Cieszyn which led to the short Upper Silesian War in 1359 which resulted in the Piast descended Szlachta existing in the present, it was due to the recognition of the senior line of the Dukes of Cieszyn why they transferred to the Camp of Casimir III.

Queen Joanna of Naples did not want to yield her throne to anyone nor marry anyone again, she only has a surviving daughter, Catherine of Naples as a heir.

Casimir III decided that he will stop assisting his relative, Louis I of Hungary because of his wife's claims to Bohemia...


Joan I of Naples

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Last edited: Apr 27, 2020

• Jan 1, 2014

• #5

kasumigenx

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Kapitel V

Anna of Swidnica, the wife of the Crown Prince of Poland just gave birth to a son on 1360 named Casimir, named after his grandfather, Casimir III and he was also made the heir to the Duchy of Swidnica of the childless Bolko of Swidnica, merging the Duchy of Swidnica to the Polish crown once Boleslaw IV reigns, although at the same year, Wladyslaw his twin brother’s wife Catherine of Austria had given birth to Casimir, Prince of Kuyavia.

Anna of Swidnica was very wonderful as a bride of the Polish King although at the marriage a dispensation was required before their marriage because the two are both descendants from Wladyslaw the Elbowhigh which was easily given to them.

She produced a daughter named Maria on 1368 and a son named Boleslaw on 1372, she was very pious and happy wife of the crown prince of Poland, on 1370, her husband succeeded as the Duke of Swidnica-Jawor de jure uxoris after her childless relative, Bolko of Swidnica and Jawor, a loyal vassal of the Polish throne died.

On 1360’s Casimir III decided to delay his conquest of Silesia until the 1370’s in order to conserve his energies in a possible succession war of Bohemia.

On 1365 Casimir III heard the news that Kunigunde of Bavaria a daughter of Elisabeth of Poland is suddenly betrothed to the Duke of Milan, Gian Galeazzo Visconti while the other daughter, Elisabeth is suddenly betrothed to John, Duke of Berry, and the son of Kunigunde of Poland, Ludwig, march of Brandenburg was born and aside from that he heard that Anna of Poland has finally given birth to a son, Edward of Angouleme at the same time, Casimir III was excited of the news of the birth of the grandsons and grand daughters and the betrothals.

Casimir III and Louis of Hungary talked again on 1366, regarding the forceful gaining of Silesia and its overlordship back to Poland, however Casimir III refused since he knows of the plans of Louis of Hungary to gain the ownership of the Kingdom of Bohemia and make Poland bow at his every whim since he is powerful and he is the husband of the only surviving child of Charles IV, secretly, Casimir III vowed that he would prevent Louis of Hungary from ascending the Bohemian throne, however, Louis had his daughter, Catherine(b. 1358) married to the young son of Algirdas, Jogaila in order to guarantee his succession to the Bohemian throne.

Bohemia before the Childless death of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV.

On 1370, Charles IV had died leaving Bohemia on an anarchy and Casimir III executed his plan on the submission of the other Silesian dukes and the annexation of the Duchy of Wroclaw, Louis I of Hungary decided to try to rule Bohemia, Casimir III annexed Wroclaw to Poland and forced the submission of the rest of the Silesian dukes and turning their lands into royal domain and became part of the Piast descendant nobility, Princes of Blood of, Poland however there is one question, who would succeed as the King of Bohemia.

The candidate of Casimir III is Waclaw of Plock, the son of Boleslaw III of Plock, who married Jadwiga of Zagan the war of Bohemian succession caused much chaos and a friend of Casimir III, Louis of Hungary became his worst enemy because of the rival claims to the Bohemian thrones.

The brief war of succession in Bohemia was solved by betrothing Boleslav, the son of Waclaw of Plock and Hedvig of Hungary so that he could be crowned as Boleslav IV of Bohemia who would be the second Piast King of Bohemia.
On 1370, Casimir III visited France to see his grand daughter Elisabeth of Bavaria married to the Duke of Berry, which he never seen nor his daughter Elisabeth, there he saw his former fiancee, Bonne of Bohemia, he told Bonne of Bohemia that once he regretted not marrying her, she told Casimir III that he will be known as one of the Greatest Kings ever known and many will remember him.

Adalheild of Hesse died in the monastery, her funeral had been heard by the Queen of England and the Duchess of Austria although they are busy taking care of their children, she was interred in the Wawel along with Aldona of Lithuania, Queen of Poland.

On 1375, five years after the Bohemian war of succession ended Casimir III died and his son Boleslaw IV succeeded as King of Poland and integrated the Duchy of Swidnica-Jawor to the Polish crown.


Kapitel VI

By virtue of the treaty of Bretigny Edward III obtained, besides Guyenne and Gascony, Poitou, Saintonge and Aunis, Agenais, Perigord, Limousin, Quercy, Bigorre, the countship of Gauré, Angoumois, Rouergue, Montreuil-sur-Mer, Ponthieu, Calais, Sangatte, Ham and the countship of Guînes. The king of England was to hold these free and clear, without doing homage for them. Furthermore the treaty established that title to all the islands that the King of England now holds would no longer be under the Suzerainty of the King of France.

On his side, the King of England gave up the duchy of Touraine, the countships of Anjou and Maine, and the suzerainty of Brittany and of Flanders. He also renounced all claims to the French throne. The terms of Brétigny were meant to disentangle the feudal responsibilities that had caused so much conflict, and as far as the English were concerned, would concentrate English territories in an expanded version of Aquitaine.

In exchange of the hostages, a Princess of Blood would be exchanged for them so that she could marry the black prince, however that was too later, her name is Blanche of Bourbon, who did end up marrying Lionel of Antwerp, the brother of Edward the Black Prince.

The marriage between Edward the Black Prince and Anna of Poland was a happy one and on 1362, the first child of Edward the Black Prince and Anna of Poland was born and her name is Isabella and the second child was born on 1365, his name is Edward of Bordeaux.

END




Marriages of the Children of Aldona of Lithuania and Casimir III and the notable grandchildren of Casimir III

Elisabeth of Poland m. Louis of Bavaria
-Kunigunde of Bavaria, Duchess of Milan
-Elisabeth of Bavaria, Duchess of Berry
-Louis Duke of Brandenburg

Kunigunde of Poland m. Wladyslaw of Opole
-Wladyslaw III duke of Opole, the Saint

Boleslaw IV of Poland m. Anna of Swidnica
-Casimir IV

Wladyslaw of Poland m. Catherine of Austria, daughter of Albert II, Duke of Austria
-Casimir, Prince of Kuyavia

Sophia of Poland m. Bogislaw V of Pomerania
-Wratislaw VII of Pomerania, Father of Eric of Pomerania

Children of Casimir III with Adelaide of Hesse

Anna of Poland m. Edward IV
-Edward V

Margaret of Poland m. Leopold III of Austria
-Ernest, Duke of Austria

The children of Louis of Hungary and Margaret of Bohemia

-Catherine of Hungary m. Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania

-Charles II of Hungary, King of Hungary

-Hedvig of Hungary m. Boleslav IV of Bohemia

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Last edited: Apr 27, 2020

• Jan 26, 2014

• 1
• #6

Zireael

No comments? I find it amazing!

 

• Jan 26, 2014

• #7

kasumigenx

The Continuation/Expansion is this tl